Power dynamics in Southeast Asia involve complex interactions between countries in the region, as well as external influences from global powers. A series of political, economic and social changes are the main drivers in the formation of power structures. First, bilateral relations between ASEAN countries play an important role. Countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have become dominant powers influencing regional policy. Indonesia, as the country with the largest population and strongest economy, often leads political initiatives, while Malaysia and Thailand often act as mediators in regional conflicts. The effectiveness of organizations such as ASEAN in resolving territorial disputes, such as the South China Sea dispute, is an important highlight in this study of power. Second, China’s influence is increasingly strengthening in Southeast Asia. Through various initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China offers massive infrastructure investments that attract countries such as Laos and Cambodia. However, this economic dependency raises concerns about loss of sovereignty and increasing debt. Countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines are trying to balance China’s influence by forging closer ties with strategic partners, such as the United States. Third, internal dynamics also influence power. In Myanmar, a military coup in 2021 changed the political landscape, sparking protests and instability. Meanwhile, countries like Singapore follow a more stable and orderly government model. Social injustice, as seen in ethnic discrimination in Myanmar and separatist conflict in the southern Philippines, poses challenges to political stability. Fourth, globalization and rapid urbanization also contribute to power dynamics. The emergence of a more educated and digitally connected middle class means people’s voices are increasingly heard. Social movements, such as #BlackLivesMatter and pro-democracy protests, show that Southeast Asians are increasingly bold in demanding change. Finally, climate change is a significant factor in power dynamics. Vulnerable countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines are struggling to deal with the impact of natural disasters. Regional cooperation in disaster mitigation is crucial to ensure security and order in the region. In a changing geopolitical context, countries in Southeast Asia must navigate these challenges to maintain their sovereignty and prosperity amidst the presence of major powers, such as the US and China. Countries need to seek balance in their approach to diplomacy and cooperation to adapt to rapid and unpredictable changes in power dynamics in the region.